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The Role of Automotive Chassis and the Necessity of Chassis Design

Unlike traditional vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) primarily utilize renewable clean energy, thus significantly reducing vehicle pollutant emissions. This has positioned the industry as an emerging sector. To promote the development of the EV industry, improving chassis design during EV development is essential.

I. The Core Significance of EV Development and Chassis Technology

Driven by socioeconomic progress and sustainable development principles, electric vehicles (powered by clean energy) have emerged as a pivotal industry in the transportation sector. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles that rely on engine-driven powertrains, the competitiveness of EVs stems from innovations in the "three-electric systems" (battery, motor, and electronic control). The chassis, as the critical carrier that supports, transmits, and coordinates these core components, directly determines vehicle range, safety, and space utilization.

Traditional ICE vehicle chassis consist of four systems: transmission, running, steering, and braking, primarily serving engine power output. In contrast, NEV chassis must integrate electric drive systems, energy management, and battery layouts. Their design logic has shifted from "adapting to engines" to "serving the electric drive ecosystem," marking a key technical differentiator between EVs and conventional vehicles.

II. Traditional vs. Electric Chassis: Technical Differences and Design Imperatives

1. Structural Differences: From "Mechanically Dominated" to "Electric-Drive Integrated"

Traditional chassis center around the engine, distributing power through mechanical transmissions. NEV chassis, however, focus on the electric drive system. Without an engine, they must integrate motors, batteries, and electronic control modules, leveraging by-wire technologies (e.g., steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire) for more efficient collaborative control.

2. Design Imperatives: Comprehensive Optimization of Space, Performance, and Efficiency

The proportion of chassis space within the vehicle body directly affects interior usability and cargo capacity. Lightweight design determines range, while precise battery placement influences vehicle center of gravity and crash safety. Thus, NEV chassis design must simultaneously achieve three goals: maximizing space utilization, minimizing energy consumption, and optimizing safety.

III. Core Design Features of Electric Chassis